Flag of the City of Montreal, Canada
Drapeau de la Ville de Montréal, Canada
Montreal; officially Montréal is the second-most populous city in Canada and the most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill around which the early city of Ville-Marie is built. The city is centred on the Island of Montreal, which obtained its name from the same origin as the city and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard. The city is situated 196 km (122 mi) east of the national capital Ottawa, and 258 km (160 mi) southwest of the provincial capital, Quebec City.
As of 2021, the city had a population of 1,762,949, and a metropolitan population of 4,291,732, making it the second-largest city, and second-largest metropolitan area in Canada. French is the city's official language and in 2016 was the only home language of 53.7% of the population, while 18.2% spoke only English and 18.7% spoke neither French nor English at home. 9.4% spoke a mix of French, English and a foreign language at home. In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area, 71.2% of the population spoke at least French at home, compared to 19.0% who spoke English. Still, in 2016, 87.4% of the population of the city of Montreal considered themselves fluent in French while 91.4% could speak it in the metropolitan area. Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 57.4% of the population able to speak both English and French.
Historically the commercial capital of Canada, Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, transport, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, art, culture, tourism, food, fashion, video game development, film, and world affairs. Montreal has the second-highest number of consulates in North America, serves as the location of the headquarters of the International Civil Aviation Organization, and was named a UNESCO City of Design in 2006. In 2017, Montreal was ranked the 12th-most liveable city in the world by the Economist Intelligence Unit in its annual Global Liveability Ranking. However, it slipped to rank 40 in the 2021 index, primarily due to stress on the healthcare system from the COVID-19 pandemic. It is regularly ranked as a top ten city in the world to be a university student in the QS World University Rankings.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal
Montréal est la principale ville du Québec. Grande métropole insulaire et portuaire du fleuve Saint-Laurent au pied des rapides de Lachine, c'est la deuxième ville la plus peuplée du Canada, après Toronto, et la plus grande ville francophone d'Amérique. Son aire urbaine, la région métropolitaine de Montréal, rassemble près de 4,3 millions d'habitants, soit environ la moitié de la population du Québec. Montréal est l'une des grandes agglomérations d'Amérique du Nord et un important pôle financier, de savoir, de culture et d'aéronautique. C'est à Montréal que siègent l’Organisation de l’aviation civile internationale, l’Institut de statistique de l’UNESCO, le Secrétariat de la Convention sur la diversité biologique, ainsi que l’Agence mondiale antidopage.
La ville doit son nom au mont Royal qui surplombe le centre des affaires et le centre historique de la ville, tous deux situés dans l'arrondissement Ville-Marie. Montréal est découpé en 19 arrondissements qui couvrent les trois-quarts de l’île de Montréal, la plus grande de l'archipel d'Hochelaga, mais également l’île Bizard, l'île des Sœurs et les îles Sainte-Hélène et Notre-Dame. Il y a plus de 1,8 million d'habitants dans les limites municipales. Langue officielle de l'administration, le français est la langue d'usage de la majorité de la population. L'anglais et d'autres langues y occupent une place importante; la moitié des montréalais sont bilingues et près du quart sont trilingues.
Hôte de l'Exposition universelle de 1967 et les Jeux olympiques d'été de 1976, Montréal accueille chaque année le Grand Prix de Formule 1 du Canada, et de nombreux festivals, tels le Festival international de jazz de Montréal, les FrancoFolies et le festival Juste pour rire. Le Canadiens de Montréal est le plus vieux club de hockey au monde toujours en activité, sans interruption.
Christ Church Cathedral (Montreal)
635 Ste-Catherine St. West Montreal
https://www.montrealcathedral.ca/
Christ Church Cathedral is an Anglican Gothic Revival cathedral in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the seat of the Anglican Diocese of Montreal. It is located at 635 Saint Catherine Street West, between Avenue Union and Boulevard Robert-Bourassa. It is situated on top of the Promenades Cathédrale underground shopping mall, and south of Tour KPMG. It was classified as a historical monument by the government of Quebec on May 12, 1988. In 1999, it was designated a National Historic Site of Canada.
La cathédrale Christ Church est une église anglicane située en plein cœur de Montréal, au 635, rue Sainte-Catherine Ouest. Elle est au-dessus des Promenades Cathédrale.
Une première église est d'abord construite sur la rue Notre-Dame entre 1805 et 1821. Devenue cathédrale en 1850, elle est détruite par un incendie en 1856. Un nouvel emplacement pour sa reconstruction est choisi, en pleine campagne sur un terrain cédé par la succession de Thomas Phillips, qui a donné son nom au Square Phillips.
La nouvelle église est érigée de 1857 à 1859 sur le modèle des églises gothiques de la campagne anglaise du xive siècle selon les plans de l’architecte britanniques Frank Wills (1822 † 1857) qui proposait un plan cruciforme avec une tour carrée à la croisée du transept. Les travaux furent menés à terme par Thomas Scott (1826 † 1895), architecte établi à Montréal.
À partir du moment où l'imposante tour centrale fut achevée, celle-ci commence à s'enfoncer dans le sol mou où l'on avait creusé ses fondations. En effet, dès 1920, elle penche de 4 pieds vers le sud. En 1927, le clocher en pierre, pesant 3,5 millions de livres, dut être enlevé. Il a fallu attendre une quinzaine d’années (années 1940) avant que soit érigée une réplique du clocher en aluminium, offerte par un donateur anonyme.
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Christ_Church_de_Montr%C3%A9al
An Anglican ministry first began in Montreal in 1760. Services were held in chapels of the Roman Catholic Church for the first half-century. In 1789, the Anglican congregation of Montreal received a former Jesuit church, renaming it Christ Church. The building was used by the congregation until 1803 when it was destroyed in a fire. The clergyman was appointed by Dorchester as garrison chaplain of Montreal in 1766, with inaugural service in Christ Church pronounced by him on 20 December 1789. The first Christ Church was in fact the repaired and re-dedicated Jesuit church. So it was the second church building that was constructed in 1814.
In 1850, the second Christ Church was designated as the cathedral for the new Anglican Diocese of Montreal upon its separation from the Anglican Diocese of Quebec. The cathedral was destroyed by fire in 1856.
The present cathedral, a Neo-gothic structure, was designed by architect Frank Wills (1822–1856), who also designed Christ Church Cathedral in Fredericton, New Brunswick. Before construction began, Willis died, and Montreal architect, Thomas Seaton Scott (1826–1895) was commissioned to carry out his design. The structure was completed in 1859 and consecrated in 1867.
Andrew Taylor oversaw alterations and other restoration of the Cathedral from 1890 to 1891 and installed a memorial window for Mrs. A.C. Hooper in 1902-03.
Modelled after the 14th-century Gothic-style churches of the English countryside, the cathedral features a square crossing tower.
Unfortunately, the design, though acclaimed for its architecture, suffered from important engineering flaws. The soft ground could not support the heavy central stone tower and steeple, which began to subside and lean. By 1920, the tower leaned 1.2 m (3.9 ft) to the south. This defect formed the basis of an important lawsuit (Wardle v. Bethune) often cited as precedent relating to Article 1688 of Quebec's Civil Code.
George Allan Ross designed alterations in 1923 and reconstructed the tower from 1939 to 1940. In 1927, the stone steeple, weighing 1,600,000 kg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral_(Montreal)
